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What is a General Average (GA)?

What is a General Average (GA)?
A general average act is succinctly defined in Rule A of the York Antwerp Rules 1994 as follows: Full story

Delay: Apakah kerusakan karena ‘keterlambatan’ dijamin dalam ICC (1982)?

Menarik ‘membaca perdebatan’ di Group BBM Magang 1994 dari pertanyaan rekan Aris W : “Apakah kerusakan barang karena ‘delay’ dimana penyebab dari ‘keterlambatan’ tsb adalah karena terjadi ‘hijacking’ apakah ‘claimable’ dalam ICC “A” (1982)?” Full story
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Jangan gampang menolak klaim karena alasan “insufficiency or unsuitability of packing”!!

Hal yang mungkin paling ditakutkan oleh “Tertanggung” dalam hal terjadi klaim Asuransi Pengangkutan Barang (Marine Cargo) adalah jika pihak asuransi “menolak” dengan alasan kerusakan kargo disebabkan oleh “Exclusion 4.3. loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing…” Full story
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Apakah “Loading-Unloading” dijamin di ICC 1/1/82 (Institute Cargo Clauses 1/1/82)?

Pertanyaan yang selama ini menjadi perdebatan dikalangan praktisi asuransi marine cargo, Apakah “Loading-Unloading” dijamin di ICC 1/1/82 (Institute Cargo Clauses 1/1/82)? Full story
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Incoterms

Incoterms
Incoterms or international commerce terms is a series of international sales terms that is widely used throughout the world. Full story
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Importance of shipping methods: Containers, Breakbulk and Bulk

Importance of shipping methods: Containers, Breakbulk and Bulk
It is important to understand the various shipping methods used in marine transport to determine the level of risk involved. The following pages outline the common methods.   Containers   Containers is the principal method for shipping most types of general cargo. The two methods of shipping in containers are:   Full story
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Containers & Loss Prevention of Goods in Containers

Types of Containers   There are many and varied types of Containers which have been specifically designed for specialised jobs. Below and on the next few pages are descriptions of some of those more frequently used containers.   Ø       General Purpose Ø       Open Top Ø       Flat Rack Ø       Insulated Ø       Refrigerated Ø       Bulk Ø       Open Sided Ø       Bolster Ø       Tank-tainer   Full story
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Loss Prevention of Goods in Containers

Loss Prevention of Goods in Containers
Many publications are now available on loss prevention in the field of container transport. The standards in loading and transporting containers have improved considerably – thanks to the expertise that has been built up in the inland transport sector and the advice provided by container carriers, forwarding agents, and consolidators. Marine insurers and their associations have also contributed to this development in many countries – in their own best interests.   Full story
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Damage due to moisture and condensation of containerized goods

Since the transportation of containerized goods is usually covered at all-risk terms and conditions, cargo insurers soon find themselves being called on to indemnify damage due to moisture and condensation. This is by far the main cause of losses in container traffic.   Containers are like scaled-down versions of a ship’s hold and are therefore subject to the same microclimatic conditions as those found on a conventional vessel. In the course of a long voyage, Full story
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Standard Modes of Transport: FCL vs LCL

Standard Modes of Transport: FCL vs LCL
The transport chain involves carrying containers by road, rail, and inland waterways from the point of loading to the port of dispatch and from the port of discharge to their final destination. There are a number of new expressions and definitions associated with multimodal and intermodal transport:   FCL (full container load) means that the consignor’s goods fill the container. The full container is delivered to the container terminal and collected from there.   Full story
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Jettison or washing overboard?

Jettison or washing overboard?
A question some times arise in marine cargo insurance if a claim is attributable to risks of Jettison or Washing over board?       Jettison The deliberate throwing overboard of cargo, or of part of the vessel's superstructure, equipment or stores, in the event of an emergency. Cargo or equipment might be jettisoned to lighten a vessel to relieve it from a strand, to stabilize it during a storm, or to get rid of flammables or explosives during a fire. (Washing overboard is the accidental loss of equipment or cargo overboard due to the action of the elements.)  Full story
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Volatile Ship Values and their Effect on Salvage / General Average

Volatile Ship Values and their Effect on Salvage / General Average
The impact of the global credit crisis on the shipping industry is substantially reducing ship values and thereby increasing the proportion of Salvage and GA costs allocated to cargo insurers. We anticipate that this will continue for at least the next 18 months.   Contributions towards Salvage services are calculated pro rata to salved values. Similarly, contributions towards General Average loss are calculated pro rata to sound arrived values at the port(s) of destination. Over the last two decades, cargo values have (on average) steadily increased and therefore Cargo Insurers are bearing an increasing share of these expenses.   Full story
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